Recent advances in in-situ transmission electron microscopy techniques for heterogeneous catalysis

The process of heterogeneous catalytic reaction under working conditions has long been considered a “black box”, which is mainly because the difficulties in directly characterizing structural changes catalysts at atomic level during reactions. development situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques offers opportunities for introducing realistic chemical environment TEM, making it possible to uncover mystery In this article, we present comprehensive overview application TEM catalysis, highlighting its utility observing gas-solid and liquid-solid reactions thermal electrocatalysis, photocatalysis. unique advantage revealing complex Revealing real-time dynamic structure processes crucial understanding intricate relationship between catalyst performance. Finally, perspective on future challenges catalysis. 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